Electricity and bitcoin with @JonPDiGiacomo and daughters

To begin with, what is Bitcoin? When bit 47? A lot of people are familiar with lightning and liquid is effectively a layer two. That one, two, nine. What is taproot? Florin taproot, that's the first new protocol upgrade since Zagwet.

Difficulty adjustments. How do mnemonic seed words work? UTXO management.

Hello, one governable misfits. I hope you've cooled down from our last spied-sized Bitcoin and are ready for something electrifying, like electricity. There are plenty of heady concepts and analogies to convey the process of mining and proof of work, like the transportation of energy, storing energy in time,

or how Bitcoin is money as stored energy. I'll leave those metaphors to the think boys. Here, we'll cover some basic concepts, terminology, related to electricity to gain a better understanding of the process of mining, because without electricity, we're left to hashing with pencil and paper.

In this iteration of bite-sized Bitcoin, we'll define voltage, current, and power, and how we can solve for them using Jules Law. We will define work, watts and Jules, and the first law of thermodynamics.

Work is measured in Jules. Jules is a force exerted on an object over a distance, irrespective of time. Energy is the ability to do work. Power is the rate at which a certain quantity of work can be done over a period.

We measure this power in watts, or Jules of energy used over a period. If you extend one Jules of energy over one second, you have one watt. We speak about these terms in the physical or mechanical, so how does this relate to electricity?

Let's first define some electrical terms. Voltage. Voltage is the difference of potential between two poles that allow movement of electrons to occur. It's this difference that allows the movement of electrons to happen. It can be compared to water flowing down a slide. The greater the difference between the top of the slide and

the bottom, the greater the force at the bottom. In voltage, the greater the difference of potential between poles, the higher the voltage. Current. Current is the movement of electrons, or more accurately the byproduct of the movement of electrons. Negative electrons are repelled from

a negative potential to a positive. The greater this potential, the more powerful the movement. Current is defined in amps or coulombs of charge flowing per second. You get the trend here. We can't define these concepts without time, revealing another facet

of Satoshi's wisdom, referring to Bitcoin in terms of a time chain over and over in his code. Now that we understand voltage and current, we can define power by using Jules law. Power is equal to voltage times the current that is flowing through that difference of potential.

That energy is represented in watts. Alternatively, we can say a watt is equal to the Jules per second that are being transferred between a voltage at a certain current. The first law of thermodynamics also called the conservation of energy. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. It just changes

form states that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant. This means that the energy must end up somewhere, either in its original form or in a different form. This enables us to determine the amount of energy in a system, the amount lost as waste to eat,

and the efficiency of the system. When we mind Bitcoin, we aren't so much consuming energy as we are changing its state, allowing us to do some work. In mining, we are often, not always, taking mechanical motion, i.e. the rotational energy of a generator, turning that into electrical

motion, and harnessing electrical motion into hashing power. We then turn that hashing power into gases and heat. Now if you want to be true to the laws of thermodynamics, you place that minor as close as possible to the source of power while harnessing the heat, increasing the

efficiency of the mining process. But that's a topic for another discussion.

Homework time. I've brought in my daughters to demonstrate Jules Law. Alright, kid number one. Remind the plebs of Jules Law. Jules Law states that power equals voltage times the current passing through a component. This equation works for all electronic

components. A resistor, a light bulb, or an ASIC. If we have an ASIC with a power supply rated to do 1400 joules of work in one second, how much current will flow through that machine at a difference of potential of 120 volts? Power is equal to voltage times current. So in order to

solve for a current, we divide 1400 watts of power by 120 volts. That comes to 11.6 amps. Now let's run that same machine on 240. Kid number two. 1400 watts divided by 240 volts is 5.8 amps.

Should we run that machine by supplying it with a greater difference of potential? Yes. By reviewing some basic concepts of physics, we can demonstrate Bitcoin's beautiful simplicity. It doesn't have to be any more complicated to describe what's happening in mining than conveying the concepts of work,

over time, and the conservation of energy. I really hope you found that useful. I've designed Bite Size Bitcoin to break things down. The idea is that you can also share these with friends and family, and they're much more digestible. If you enjoyed that and you are hungry for more,

go to ungovernable misfits.com. I want this to be a home for anyone who wants to learn about Bitcoin and any other open source technologies. It's important to me that you have everything that you need, so I've got articles, the main podcast, a shop, and much more. If you have any questions and want to reach out, I'd be happy to help.